Functions of Developers in Liquid Penetrant Testing

The most important basic function of a developer in liquid penetrant testing is to extract liquid penetrant from an entrapment within a discontinuity or surface discontinuity below the test part surface and to transfer at least some of this liquid penetrant to the surface to form a liquid penetrant indication that can be seen by the inspector. The developer may also provide a mechanism whereby the effective thickness of the surface film of liquid penetrant entrapment is increased to levels above the threshold of visibility.
Another developer function is to spread or disperse the liquid penetrant over the part surface, thus increasing the apparent size (mainly width) of the indication exposed to the eye. The developer also provides a contrast increase that enhances detection of an indication of an indication.

Under near ultraviolet (ultraviolet – A) radiation, the developer appears blue-black whereas the entrapped liquid penetrant fluoresces yellowish green. Visible dye developers provide a white background for the red or orange liquid penetrant indication. They also reduce light reflection from shiny surfaces of test parts so that eye fatigue is reduce.